Tuples (tuple)

Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences defined with parentheses (). Once created, their contents cannot be changed.

Characteristics and Use Cases

• Ordered: items maintain position
• Immutable: cannot add, remove, or change after creation
• Useful for fixed records like coordinates, version numbers, or as dictionary keys

host_port = ("127.0.0.1", 3000)
red_rgb = (255, 0, 0)
tuple_single_value = ("only-value",) # To create a single-item tuple, add a trailing comma
print(type(host_port))
print(type(tuple_single_value))

print(f"Host: {host_port[0]}")
print(red_rgb[-2:])
print(type(red_rgb[-2:]))

# host_port[0] = "192.168.1.1" # Uncommenting will raise a TypeError because tuples are immutable

Sets (set)

• Characteristics: Unordered, Mutable, Unique items only (duplicates removed)
  • The items of a set must be immutable.
• Use Cases: Membership testing, removing duplicates, set operations (union, intersection, difference).

Set Operations

• Membership Testing: Check if an item exists in a set using the in keyword.
• Adding Items: Use add() to add an item to a set.
• Removing Items: Use remove() to remove an item (raises an error if the item doesn't exist) or discard() to remove an item (doesn't raise an error if the item doesn't exist).
• Set Operations:
  • Union: Combine all unique items from two sets using union() or |.
  • Intersection: Find common items between two sets using intersection() or &.
  • Difference: Find items in one set but not in another using difference() or -.

unique_ports = set([80, 443, 22, 80, 8080, 443])
server_names = {"web01", "web02"}

print(unique_ports)
print(22 in unique_ports)
print(22 in server_names)

unique_ports.add(3000)
print(unique_ports)
unique_ports.remove(22)
print(unique_ports)
# unique_ports.remove(22) # Will raise KeyError because item 22 is not in the set anymore
unique_ports.discard(22)
print(unique_ports)

# set_of_lists = set([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) # Will throw a TypeError, since lists are mutable
# set_of_sets = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} # Will throw a TypeError, since sets are mutable
set_of_tuples = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}
print(set_of_tuples)
print((1, 2) in set_of_tuples)
print((1, 3) in set_of_tuples)